ASTM E1023-1984(2007) 评定材料对水生生物及其使用中存在的危险性的标准指南
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【英文标准名称】:StandardGuideforAssessingtheHazardofaMaterialtoAquaticOrganismsandTheirUses
【原文标准名称】:评定材料对水生生物及其使用中存在的危险性的标准指南
【标准号】:ASTME1023-1984(2007)
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:
【发布日期】:1984
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:E47.04
【标准类型】:(Guide)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:危险物质;试验;污染控制
【英文主题词】:biological;chemical;environment;toxicological;measuring;estimate;hazard
【摘要】:Adverseeffectsonnaturalpopulationsofaquaticorganismsandtheiruseshavedemonstratedtheneedtoassessthehazardsofmanynew,andsomepresentlyused,materials.Theprocessdescribedhereinwillhelpproducers,users,regulatoryagencies,andotherstoefficientlyandadequatelycomparealternativematerials,completelyassessafinalcandidatematerial,orreassessthehazardofamaterialalreadyinuse.Sequentialassessmentandfeedbackallowappropriatejudgmentsconcerningefficientuseofresources,therebyminimizingunnecessarytestingandfocusingeffortontheinformationmostpertinenttoeachmaterial.Fordifferentmaterialsandsituations,assessmentofhazardwillappropriatelybebasedonsubstantiallydifferentamountsandkindsofbiological,chemical,physical,andtoxicologicaldata.Assessmentofthehazardofamaterialtoaquaticorganismsandtheirusesshouldneverbeconsideredcompleteforalltime.Reassessmentshouldbeconsiderediftheamountofproduction,use,ordisposalincreases,newusesarediscovered,ornewinformationonbiological,chemical,physical,ortoxicologicalpropertiesbecomesavailable.Periodicreviewwillhelpassurethatnewcircumstancesandinformationreceivepromptappropriateattention.Ifthereissubstantialtransformationtoanothermaterial,thehazardofbothmaterialsmayneedtobeassessed.Inmanycases,considerationofadverseeffectsshouldnotendwithcompletionofthehazardassessment.Additionalstepsshouldoftenincluderiskassessment,decisionsconcerningacceptabilityofidentifiedhazardsandrisks,andmitigativeactions.Becausethispracticedealsmostlywithadverseeffectsonaquaticorganismsandtheiruses,itisimportantthatmitigativeactions,suchasimprovedtreatmentofaqueouseffluents,notresultinunacceptableeffectsonnon-aquaticorganisms.Thus,thisstandardshouldbeusedwithotherinformationinordertoassesshazardtobothaquaticandnon-aquaticorganisms.1.1Thisguidedescribesastepwiseprocessforusinginformationconcerningthebiological,chemical,physical,andtoxicologicalpropertiesofamaterialtoidentifyadverseeffectslikelytooccurtoaquaticorganismsandtheirusesasaresultofreleaseofthematerialtotheenvironment.Thematerialwillusuallybeaspecificchemical,althoughitmightbeagroupofchemicalsthathaveverysimilarbiological,chemical,physical,andtoxicologicalpropertiesandareusuallyproduced,used,anddiscardedtogether.1.2Thehazardassessmentprocessiscomplexandrequiresdecisionsatanumberofpoints;thus,thevalidityofahazardassessmentdependsonthesoundnessofthosedecisions,aswellastheaccuracyoftheinformationused.Alldecisionsshouldbebasedonreasonableworst-caseanalysessothatanappropriateassessmentcanbecompletedfortheleastcostthatisconsistentwithscientificvalidity.1.3Thisguideassumesthatthereaderisknowledgeableinaquatictoxicologyandrelatedpertinentareas.Alistofgeneralreferencesisprovided().1.4Thisguidedoesnotdescribeorreferencedetailedproceduresforestimatingormeasuringenvironmentalconcentrations,orproceduresfordeterminingthemaximumconcentrationoftestmaterialthatisacceptableinthefoodofpredatorsofaquaticlife.However,thisguidedoesdescribehowsuchinformationshouldbeusedwhenassessingthehazardofamaterialtoaquaticorganismsandtheiruses.1.5Becauseassessmentofhazardtoaquaticorganismsandtheirusesisarelativelynewactivitywithinaquatictoxicology,mostoftheguidanceprovidedhereinisqualitativeratherthanquantitative.Whenpossible,confidencelimitsshouldbecalculatedandtakenintoaccount.1.6Thisguideprovidesguidanceforassess......
【中国标准分类号】:Z04
【国际标准分类号】:07_100_20
【页数】:17P.;A4
【正文语种】:
【原文标准名称】:评定材料对水生生物及其使用中存在的危险性的标准指南
【标准号】:ASTME1023-1984(2007)
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:
【发布日期】:1984
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:E47.04
【标准类型】:(Guide)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:危险物质;试验;污染控制
【英文主题词】:biological;chemical;environment;toxicological;measuring;estimate;hazard
【摘要】:Adverseeffectsonnaturalpopulationsofaquaticorganismsandtheiruseshavedemonstratedtheneedtoassessthehazardsofmanynew,andsomepresentlyused,materials.Theprocessdescribedhereinwillhelpproducers,users,regulatoryagencies,andotherstoefficientlyandadequatelycomparealternativematerials,completelyassessafinalcandidatematerial,orreassessthehazardofamaterialalreadyinuse.Sequentialassessmentandfeedbackallowappropriatejudgmentsconcerningefficientuseofresources,therebyminimizingunnecessarytestingandfocusingeffortontheinformationmostpertinenttoeachmaterial.Fordifferentmaterialsandsituations,assessmentofhazardwillappropriatelybebasedonsubstantiallydifferentamountsandkindsofbiological,chemical,physical,andtoxicologicaldata.Assessmentofthehazardofamaterialtoaquaticorganismsandtheirusesshouldneverbeconsideredcompleteforalltime.Reassessmentshouldbeconsiderediftheamountofproduction,use,ordisposalincreases,newusesarediscovered,ornewinformationonbiological,chemical,physical,ortoxicologicalpropertiesbecomesavailable.Periodicreviewwillhelpassurethatnewcircumstancesandinformationreceivepromptappropriateattention.Ifthereissubstantialtransformationtoanothermaterial,thehazardofbothmaterialsmayneedtobeassessed.Inmanycases,considerationofadverseeffectsshouldnotendwithcompletionofthehazardassessment.Additionalstepsshouldoftenincluderiskassessment,decisionsconcerningacceptabilityofidentifiedhazardsandrisks,andmitigativeactions.Becausethispracticedealsmostlywithadverseeffectsonaquaticorganismsandtheiruses,itisimportantthatmitigativeactions,suchasimprovedtreatmentofaqueouseffluents,notresultinunacceptableeffectsonnon-aquaticorganisms.Thus,thisstandardshouldbeusedwithotherinformationinordertoassesshazardtobothaquaticandnon-aquaticorganisms.1.1Thisguidedescribesastepwiseprocessforusinginformationconcerningthebiological,chemical,physical,andtoxicologicalpropertiesofamaterialtoidentifyadverseeffectslikelytooccurtoaquaticorganismsandtheirusesasaresultofreleaseofthematerialtotheenvironment.Thematerialwillusuallybeaspecificchemical,althoughitmightbeagroupofchemicalsthathaveverysimilarbiological,chemical,physical,andtoxicologicalpropertiesandareusuallyproduced,used,anddiscardedtogether.1.2Thehazardassessmentprocessiscomplexandrequiresdecisionsatanumberofpoints;thus,thevalidityofahazardassessmentdependsonthesoundnessofthosedecisions,aswellastheaccuracyoftheinformationused.Alldecisionsshouldbebasedonreasonableworst-caseanalysessothatanappropriateassessmentcanbecompletedfortheleastcostthatisconsistentwithscientificvalidity.1.3Thisguideassumesthatthereaderisknowledgeableinaquatictoxicologyandrelatedpertinentareas.Alistofgeneralreferencesisprovided().1.4Thisguidedoesnotdescribeorreferencedetailedproceduresforestimatingormeasuringenvironmentalconcentrations,orproceduresfordeterminingthemaximumconcentrationoftestmaterialthatisacceptableinthefoodofpredatorsofaquaticlife.However,thisguidedoesdescribehowsuchinformationshouldbeusedwhenassessingthehazardofamaterialtoaquaticorganismsandtheiruses.1.5Becauseassessmentofhazardtoaquaticorganismsandtheirusesisarelativelynewactivitywithinaquatictoxicology,mostoftheguidanceprovidedhereinisqualitativeratherthanquantitative.Whenpossible,confidencelimitsshouldbecalculatedandtakenintoaccount.1.6Thisguideprovidesguidanceforassess......
【中国标准分类号】:Z04
【国际标准分类号】:07_100_20
【页数】:17P.;A4
【正文语种】:
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